The endocrine and nervous systems play major roles in the reception and transmission of signals that integrate function in animals. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems within systems. Human physiology seeks to understand the mechanisms that work to keep the human body alive and functioning, through scientific enquiry into the nature of mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for exceptional scientific achievements in physiology related to the field of medicine. Physiological state is the condition of normal function, while pathological state refers to abnormal conditions, including human diseases. Ĭentral to physiological functioning are biophysical and biochemical processes, homeostatic control mechanisms, and communication between cells. According to the classes of organisms, the field can be divided into medical physiology, animal physiology, plant physiology, cell physiology, and comparative physiology.
As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions in a living system. Physiology ( / ˌ f ɪ z i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i/ from Ancient Greek φύσις ( phúsis) 'nature, origin', and -λογία ( -logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.
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